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Colin Kaepernick Was Not The First Pro To Protest In Sports

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Thanks to Colin Kaepernick sporting leagues across America are choosing to "Take A Knee", but it's important to remember the role that sports has already played in the history of the civil rights movement. 

Jesse Owens: 1936 Berlin Summer Olympics

America in the 1930's had a deeply entrenched racial bias, but it wasn't on US soil that Jesse Owens changed the way many people viewed African-Americans on the world stage.

After having proven himself as a veritable track and field athlete in what many call "the greatest 45 minutes ever in sport" Owens qualified to compete in the 1936 Summer Olympics in Berlin.

Though he initially resisted United States participation in the games on the grounds of minority discrimination, eventually the American Olympic Committee president convinced him to take part, calling boycotts "un-American".

Owens won four gold medals over the course of the games. Though he rewarded his country with victory, his long lasting effect was proving the capabilities of a black athlete at a time of accepted segregation.

Muhammed Ali: Vietnam War Draft

When Muhammed Ali was first called to the Vietnam War draft he made his intentions to abdicate well known, stating that he was a follower of Islam in Black America, and would remain a conscientious objector.

A year after, when he did not step forward to be called to serve, he was informed that he was in fact committing a felony offense and faced five years in prison and a $10,000 fine. Ali continued to stand his ground, and despite appealing his case to avoid the prison sentence, the undisputed heavyweight champion of the world was stripped of his title and immediately barred from acquiring a boxing license for three years.

Ali continued to speak out against the war, citing the state of his fellow Black Americans as reason enough to refuse entry in a war he did not believe in.

"I will not disgrace my religion, my people or myself by becoming a tool to enslave those who are fighting for their own justice, freedom and equality..."

Super Bowl XXVII: MLK Day Controversy

The 27th Superbowl already had enough tension behind it, with the Buffalo Bills determined not to be the first team to lose the Super Bowl three times in a row. However, the real controversy came when an Arizona ballot failed to recognize the civil rights leader's holiday.

Ronald Reagan had signed a bill nearly a decade earlier creating the holiday, but former Arizona Governor Evan Mecham prevented the holiday from being officially observed.

In the years that followed, there was an attempt to reinstate the holiday while the NFL was deciding where to host Super Bowl XXVII. Tempe, AZ was awarded the privilege of hosting the game, on the grounds that the latest initiative passed.

While the majority of those polled approved, there were two competing initiatives to recognize the holiday; one to replace President's Day, another to give it a new day. Voters became confused and the ballot failed.

Keeping to their word, the NFL withdrew the host privileges, and Arizona wouldn't host a Super Bowl until 1996.

LeBron James, Kobe Bryant: "I Can't Breathe"

When Eric Garner was filmed dying in police custody in 2014, his last words were recorded as "I can't breathe". An ensuing public outrage developed when the officer responsible was not charged, though the medical examiner had declared Garner's death a homicide.

In the weeks and months that followed, many demonstrations were held across America to protest the seemingly discriminatory use-of-force.

While warming up for their game, LeBron James, as well as members of the Cleveland Cavaliers and Brooklyn Nets, wore black t-shirts emblazoned with Garner's final words.

Kobe Bryant and nearly all of his fellow teammates of the Los Angeles Lakers wore the same shirts in warm-up before their game with the Sacramento Kings.

The NBA typically requires players to wear the clothing of their sponsors, but supported the athletes freedom to voice their personal concerns.

St. Louis Rams: Hands Up, Don't Shoot

Following the death of Michael Brown at the hands of local police, a period of civil unrest undertook the town of Ferguson. As the protests grew violent, more attention was focused on the town and the practices of law enforcement everywhere.

Several months after the shooting took place, the St. Louis Rams drew awareness back to Brown when five players on the team entered the field with their hands in the air and heads bowed.

The gesture had become synonymous with the protest, as activists would rally against police lines and exclaim "Hands up, don't shoot!", while their arms were outstretched above their heads.

The move by the players nodded towards the movement, suggesting that it didn't matter if young, black males were seemingly complying with police requests.

With a long history of sports and politics influencing one another, the only question is how will America handle the next controversy?

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